A Bibliometric Review of Digitalization and Sustainability Interconnection in Smart Campuses Concept development: the ESG Framework Perspective

Abstract

This study investigates the evolution of research trends at the intersection of digitalization and sustainability within the context of smart campuses. It analyzes how digital innovations impact three core areas of university ecosystems according to the ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) framework, in particular: environmental management, social engagement, and institutional governance. The research examines 282 peer-reviewed documents through a bibliometric analysis and content review of the 20 most cited studies, identifying the key technologies, sustainability impacts, and conceptual frameworks that have shaped the field over the past two decades. The study demonstrates that smart campuses are becoming digitally driven ecosystems capable of advancing sustainable development goals. Digitalization supports resource optimization, student-centered education, and data-informed governance practices. However, challengessuch as digital divides, privacy concerns, and cultural barriers persist. The findings highlight that the successful alignment of smart campus initiatives with sustainability principles requires a systemic, values-based digital transformation strategy development. Therefore, it contributes to the conceptualization of smart campuses as integrated digital-sustainable ecosystems, offering a structured ESG-based framework to guide future academic inquiry, policy design, and practical innovation in higher education institutions.